First, we should have an overview of this article. This article is mainly about the beef trade between Russia and Brazil. Since 2002, Brazil has had the largest beef herd in the world, with over 2.12 million head. Beef production is the mainstay of the Brazilian economy, accounting for approximately 7% of GDP. As much as 32% of deforestation in the Brazilian Amazon between 2002 and 2011 can be indirectly attributed to the expansion of soy on pasture. beef consumption in Russia also declined rapidly after 1991, mainly due to falling incomes and reduced state subsidies to consumers.

Technical, institutional or socio-economic constraints on agriculture can also prevent farmers from realising their agricultural potential. Key government policies to support livestock producers are implemented, including strong border protection and health-based restrictions or bans. more than a quarter of global carbon emissions from land use change between 2000 and 2011 can be attributed to beef production. The United States was the world's largest exporter of beef in 2002 and 2003. Global beef production has increased by an average of almost 2% per year since 1960. the 2000s saw an increase in beef production in Latin American countries, which developed into a major global export market. Per capita meat consumption increased from 45 kg in 2000 to 71 kg in 2011

People's production activities are not dependent on the environment, and in the process of international trade development, the environment is also affected to a certain extent. Economic development inevitably has an unavoidable impact on the environment. Although all countries have taken a series of measures to protect the environment and promote the harmonious development of the environment and the economy, however, from the current situation, the environment and international trade have not reached a balance point and a series of new problems have emerged in the process of international trade. Firstly, the development of international trade does bring certain pressure on the environment and there are some incongruous factors. In addition, some countries tend to interfere with the formulation of laws and regulations of other countries in the process of trade, which actually forms a trade barrier to the majority of developing countries, which are lagging behind developed countries in terms of science and technology as well as production experience, and therefore fail to meet the environmental standards in many aspects This, coupled with the double standards set by some countries, has created certain environmental barriers to trade in other countries.

Developing countries have always been more dependent on the environment in the process of building their economies, and these countries have a limited level of production technology and a clear gap with developed countries. Developing countries provide the energy and resources necessary for production and are unable to obtain corresponding compensation and returns in the meantime, which puts them at a competitive disadvantage in international trade. In addition, the laws and regulations on environmental protection in developing countries are more lenient than those in developed countries, so some developed countries are more willing to transfer some highly polluting and energy-consuming industries to developing countries in order to escape the restrictions of their own environmental protection laws, which makes the environmental deterioration in developing countries more serious, and developed countries have been in a hegemonic position in international trade, while developing countries, although they have in recent years achieved full and effective development in recent years, they are still at a disadvantage in international competition.

The future prospects for trade between China and the BRICS countries are determined by the potential for mutual trade growth. The potential and scope for further development is enormous.

Source: Schierhorn, F., Meyfroidt, P., Kastner, T., Kuemmerle, T., Prishchepov, A. V., & Müller, D. (2016). The dynamics of beef trade between Brazil and Russia and their environmental implications. Global Food Security. 9 p.

First, we should have an overview of this article. This article is mainly about the beef trade between Russia and Brazil. Since 2002, Brazil has had the largest beef herd in the world, with over 2.12 million head. Beef production is the mainstay of the Brazilian economy, accounting for approximately 7% of GDP. As much as 32% of deforestation in the Brazilian Amazon between 2002 and 2011 can be indirectly attributed to the expansion of soy on pasture. beef consumption in Russia also declined rapidly after 1991, mainly due to falling incomes and reduced state subsidies to consumers.

Technical, institutional or socio-economic constraints on agriculture can also prevent farmers from realising their agricultural potential. Key government policies to support livestock producers are implemented, including strong border protection and health-based restrictions or bans. more than a quarter of global carbon emissions from land use change between 2000 and 2011 can be attributed to beef production. The United States was the world's largest exporter of beef in 2002 and 2003. Global beef production has increased by an average of almost 2% per year since 1960. the 2000s saw an increase in beef production in Latin American countries, which developed into a major global export market. Per capita meat consumption increased from 45 kg in 2000 to 71 kg in 2011

People's production activities are not dependent on the environment, and in the process of international trade development, the environment is also affected to a certain extent. Economic development inevitably has an unavoidable impact on the environment. Although all countries have taken a series of measures to protect the environment and promote the harmonious development of the environment and the economy, however, from the current situation, the environment and international trade have not reached a balance point and a series of new problems have emerged in the process of international trade. Firstly, the development of international trade does bring certain pressure on the environment and there are some incongruous factors. In addition, some countries tend to interfere with the formulation of laws and regulations of other countries in the process of trade, which actually forms a trade barrier to the majority of developing countries, which are lagging behind developed countries in terms of science and technology as well as production experience, and therefore fail to meet the environmental standards in many aspects This, coupled with the double standards set by some countries, has created certain environmental barriers to trade in other countries.

Developing countries have always been more dependent on the environment in the process of building their economies, and these countries have a limited level of production technology and a clear gap with developed countries. Developing countries provide the energy and resources necessary for production and are unable to obtain corresponding compensation and returns in the meantime, which puts them at a competitive disadvantage in international trade. In addition, the laws and regulations on environmental protection in developing countries are more lenient than those in developed countries, so some developed countries are more willing to transfer some highly polluting and energy-consuming industries to developing countries in order to escape the restrictions of their own environmental protection laws, which makes the environmental deterioration in developing countries more serious, and developed countries have been in a hegemonic position in international trade, while developing countries, although they have in recent years achieved full and effective development in recent years, they are still at a disadvantage in international competition.

The future prospects for trade between China and the BRICS countries are determined by the potential for mutual trade growth. The potential and scope for further development is enormous.

Source: Schierhorn, F., Meyfroidt, P., Kastner, T., Kuemmerle, T., Prishchepov, A. V., & Müller, D. (2016). The dynamics of beef trade between Brazil and Russia and their environmental implications. Global Food Security. 9 p.

First, we should have an overview of this article. This article is mainly about the beef trade between Russia and Brazil. Since 2002, Brazil has had the largest beef herd in the world, with over 2.12 million head. Beef production is the mainstay of the Brazilian economy, accounting for approximately 7% of GDP. As much as 32% of deforestation in the Brazilian Amazon between 2002 and 2011 can be indirectly attributed to the expansion of soy on pasture. beef consumption in Russia also declined rapidly after 1991, mainly due to falling incomes and reduced state subsidies to consumers.

Technical, institutional or socio-economic constraints on agriculture can also prevent farmers from realising their agricultural potential. Key government policies to support livestock producers are implemented, including strong border protection and health-based restrictions or bans. more than a quarter of global carbon emissions from land use change between 2000 and 2011 can be attributed to beef production. The United States was the world's largest exporter of beef in 2002 and 2003. Global beef production has increased by an average of almost 2% per year since 1960. the 2000s saw an increase in beef production in Latin American countries, which developed into a major global export market. Per capita meat consumption increased from 45 kg in 2000 to 71 kg in 2011

People's production activities are not dependent on the environment, and in the process of international trade development, the environment is also affected to a certain extent. Economic development inevitably has an unavoidable impact on the environment. Although all countries have taken a series of measures to protect the environment and promote the harmonious development of the environment and the economy, however, from the current situation, the environment and international trade have not reached a balance point and a series of new problems have emerged in the process of international trade. Firstly, the development of international trade does bring certain pressure on the environment and there are some incongruous factors. In addition, some countries tend to interfere with the formulation of laws and regulations of other countries in the process of trade, which actually forms a trade barrier to the majority of developing countries, which are lagging behind developed countries in terms of science and technology as well as production experience, and therefore fail to meet the environmental standards in many aspects This, coupled with the double standards set by some countries, has created certain environmental barriers to trade in other countries.

Developing countries have always been more dependent on the environment in the process of building their economies, and these countries have a limited level of production technology and a clear gap with developed countries. Developing countries provide the energy and resources necessary for production and are unable to obtain corresponding compensation and returns in the meantime, which puts them at a competitive disadvantage in international trade. In addition, the laws and regulations on environmental protection in developing countries are more lenient than those in developed countries, so some developed countries are more willing to transfer some highly polluting and energy-consuming industries to developing countries in order to escape the restrictions of their own environmental protection laws, which makes the environmental deterioration in developing countries more serious, and developed countries have been in a hegemonic position in international trade, while developing countries, although they have in recent years achieved full and effective development in recent years, they are still at a disadvantage in international competition.

The future prospects for trade between China and the BRICS countries are determined by the potential for mutual trade growth. The potential and scope for further development is enormous.

Source: Schierhorn, F., Meyfroidt, P., Kastner, T., Kuemmerle, T., Prishchepov, A. V., & Müller, D. (2016). The dynamics of beef trade between Brazil and Russia and their environmental implications. Global Food Security. 9 p.